使用ulimit -a可以查看系统core文件的大小限制;使用ulimit -c [kbytes]可以设置系统允许生成的core文件大小,例如
ulimit -c 0 不产生core文件
ulimit -c 100 设置core文件最大为100k
ulimit -c unlimited 不限制core文件大小
先看一段会造成段错误的程序:
#include
int main()
{
char *ptr="linuxers.cn";
*ptr=0;
}
编译运行后结果如下:
[leconte@localhosttest]$ gcc -g -o test a.c
[leconte@localhosttest]$ ./test
段错误
此时并没有产生core文件,接下来使用ulimit -c设置core文件大小为无限制,再执行./test程序,结果如下:
[leconte@localhost~]$ ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) 0
[leconte@localhosttest]$ ulimit -c unlimited
[leconte@localhosttest]$ ulimit -a
core file size (blocks, -c) unlimited
[leconte@localhosttest]$ ./test
段错误 (core dumped)
[leconte@localhosttest]$ ls -al core.*
-rw------- 1 leconte leconte 139264 01-06 22:31 core.2065
可见core文件已经生成,接下来可以用gdb分析,查看堆栈情况:
[leconte@localhosttest]$ gdb ./test core.2065
GNU gdb Fedora (6.8-27.el5)
Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-redhat-linux-gnu"...
warning: exec file is newer than core file.
warning: Can't read pathname for load map: Input/output error.
Reading symbols from /lib/libc.so.6...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/libc.so.6
Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2...done.
Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2
Core was generated by `./test'.
Program terminated with signal 11, Segmentation fault.
[New process 2065]
#0 0x0804836f in main () at a.c:6
6 *ptr=0;
从上述输出可以清楚的看到,段错误出现在a.c的第6行,问题已经清晰地定位到了。
很多系统默认的core文件大小都是0,我们可以通过在shell的启动脚本/etc/bashrc或者~/.bashrc等地方来加入 ulimit -c 命令来指定core文件大小,从而确保core文件能够生成。
除此之外,还可以在/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern里设置core文件的文件名模板。